Henry Plantagenet, 3rd Earl of Lancaster, 10. In 1562, his grave was destroyed by Calvinists. He founded the University of Caen and had a collection of important religious manuscripts, many of which survive today including The Bedford Hours which is held by the British Library. This may be a pun on the German Tier, i.e., beast, or on (English) tears or 'tiers' of meaning, including tierce, referring to himself as third in line to his father's throne and by now rightful King but for the baby Henry VI. Bedford had been Governor in Normandy between 1422 and 1432, where the University of Caen was founded under his auspices. She went on to have sixteen children and the knight became the first Earl Rivers for his services to Henry VI and his queen Margaret of Anjou. After his release, Arthur persuaded his brother Duke John of Brittany to sign a peace treaty with England, but when the English denied Arthur his patrimony, the Earldom of Richmond, he reverted to the French cause and proceeded to undermine the English war strategy by arranging the Treaty of Arras whereby Burgundy changed sides. Bedford was a capable administrator and soldier, and his effective management of the war brought the English to the height of their power in France. As a mere girl she shouldnt have been wearing trousers and she certainly shouldnt have been leading French armies that thrashed English armies. Yolande retired to Saumur in Anjou, the site of a famous shrine to the Breton saint Aubin. The Hours were supposedly produced as a courtship present from John to his first wife Anne. Bedford was not as capable as his eldest brother Henry, but he was certainly an excellent commander and politician. Error rating book. While he was in France his duties in . When Joan of Arc was captured by the English, Jean sold all his family silver to raise another army and seized the town where Joan was held. Yolande of Aragon (11 August 1384 14 November 1442) was Queen of Aragon and Naples, Duchess of Anjou and Countess of Provence. The three most important surviving manuscripts of his are the Bedford Hours (British Library Add MS 18850) and the Salisbury Breviary (Paris BnF Ms Lat. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford Born: June 20, 1389 Died: September 14, 1435 Rouen, France (Age 46) John in History John of Lancaster was born the third son of Henry Bolingbroke, eldest son and heir of John of Gaunt, third surviving son of King Edward III. He was a grandson of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, a son of King Edward III. Bedford, of course, was held responsible by many of his peers for the losses in France. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford KG (20 June 1389 - 14 September 1435) was a medieval English prince, general and statesman who commanded England's armies in France during a critical phase of the Hundred Years' War.Bedford was the third son of King Henry IV of England, brother to Henry V, and acted as regent of France for his nephew Henry VI. Johns first wife Anne of Burgundy gave the book to young Henry VI for Christmas in 1430 (I wonder how the grandchildren would react to a beautifully hand painted devotional text rather than the usual jigsaws, board games and selected Disney dvds). Bedford was a capable administrator and soldier, and his effective management of the war brought the English to the height of their power in France. Son of Henry IV of England and Mary de Bohun, Countess of Derby Pronunciation of John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford with and more for John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford. Click to email a link to a friend (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window). [S7] #44 Histoire de la maison royale de France anciens barons du royaume: et des grands officiers de la couronne (1726, reprint 1967-1968), Saint-Marie, Anselme de, (3rd edition. Pernoud, Rgine. Partner of NN NN, Mistress or Mistresses Salt Lake City, Utah : Filmed by the Genealogical Society of Utah, 1996), FHL film 1553977-1553985.. [S81] #125 The Royal Daughters of England and Their Representatives (1910-1911), Lane, Henry Murray, (2 voulmes. Bedford appears as a man who is completely loyal to his brother in Henry V and is a main figure in the government of his nephew Henry VI. . The first and second creations came in 1414 and 1433 respectively, in favour of Henry IV's third son, John, [clarification needed] who later served as regent of France. John died during the Congress of Arras at his Castle of Joyeux Repos in Rouen and was buried at Rouen Cathedral. [S6] G.E. Yolandes grandson became Louis VII of France and her grand-daughter was Margaret of Anjou, Queen Consort of Henry VI of England whose mother Catherine of Valois was Charless sister. English soldier and statesman who was regent of England and France during the early reign . 25447, fol. Despite his military and administrative . Today, a plaque marks its former location. Throughout his life he identified himself with his brother's policies, especially in pursuing English claims to the French throne. Alternatively, though equally incorrect, the arms may be her mother's used in a flattering conceit. William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton, 6. Only loud protests caused the ungrateful Charles VII to give Jean a decent burial instead of a paupers grave. His father, Henry Bolingbroke, was exiled in 1399 by his cousin, Richard II, when his father participated in the revolt of the Lords Appellant in 1388, the year before his birth. "Joan of Arc By Herself and Her Witnesses", pp. Bedford had been Governor in Normandy between 1422 and 1432, where the University of Caen was founded under his auspices. This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it. He took the reigns of power for his brother three times in total. Her eldest child, Elizabeth Woodville, became Queen consort of England as the spouse of Edward IV in 1464. On 28 July 1488, Jacquettas 12th child and 6th son, Sir Edward Woodville, Lord Scales, led the vanguard of the Breton army of Duke Francis II at the disastrous Battle of Saint-Aubin-du-Cormier against a French army equipped with massed cannons. After he secured a peace treaty, the port city of Berwick remained in English hands and likewise many other towns and cities such as Roxburgh. [S443] #2051 Memorials of the Family of Scott of Scot's-hall in the County of Kent, Scott, James Renat, (2 volumes. Duke of Bedford. 9 volumes. So when the Yorkists looked down their nose at Elizabeth Woodville, Jacquettas daughter and King Edward IVs wife, they were forgetting that she was the grand-daughter of a Count and that her mother had once been at the heart of the royal court albeit a Lancastrian one. Oxford: John Johnson, 1928), FHL book Q 929.242 W159w; FHL microfilm 1696491 it., vol. Bedford's coat of arms in a manuscript containing the Livre Charny of Geoffroi de Charny and owned by the duke of Bedford (Bibliothque nationale de France, Ms Fr. The play focuses on his role as the last English Regent of France. Refusing to surrender to be ransomed, Edward was killed with his men. He became the guardian of Henry's infant son Henry VI and became regent on his behalf. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford, KG (20 June 138914 September 1435), was a medieval English nobleman, soldier, and statesman. Henry V had relied upon John when he was away fighting to rule in his absence. Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford, 26. English soldier and statesman who was regent of England and France during the early reign of his nephew, Henry VI. The Plantagenet family were moving ever closer to implosion. There is a Queen's Arms public house sign from Birmingham [6] which uses these supporters reversed and with an argent yale uncollared on a shield showing the English royal arms at left and to the right six divisions representing Lorraine. Joan of Arc was heavily supported by Yolande of Aragon and Arthur of Brittany, neither of whom receives the credit they deserve. Henry was able to capture the cities of Rouen and Caen and soon most of France was under English control. Military Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. Elizabeth Woodville's right to inherit these armorial supporters would seem dubious if they belong to her mother's first husband or to his first wife. He died in 1435 at the age of forty-six at the siege of Rouen. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford. In, Norfolk, Thomas Mowbray, 1st duke of (136699). In the 2011 Philippa Gregory novel, The Lady of the Rivers, John features in a minor role as the first husband of its main character Jacquetta of Luxembourg. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. London: Constable and Co., 1910-1911), FHL microfilm 88,003., vol. Bedford had been Governor in Normandy between 1422-1432,[1][2] where the University of Caen was founded under his auspices. It is possible that the yale was painted in silver which has tarnished black. 29 p. 427-435. He appears in William Shakespeare's plays Henry IV, Part 1, and Henry IV, Part 2, as John of Lancaster, and in Henry V and Henry VI, Part 1, as the Duke of Bedford. 189 related topics. John's second wife, Jacquetta of Luxembourg, cousin to the Emperor (the King of Hungary), was mother to Elizabeth Woodville who may be this queen. 16567. 2 p. 514, vol. Bedford defeated the French several times, notably at the Battle of Verneuil, until the arrival of Joan of Arc rallied the opposition. Richard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel, 30. He became the Lord Protector during Johns long absences in France. In 1562, his grave was destroyed by Calvinists. He was lieutenant of the kingdom during Henry's absences in France. Today, a plaque marks its former location. The last impression one is given of Bedford by Shakespeare is a fairly positive one: he is a loyal servant of the crown who gave his life for his king, cause and country. [9], In the Bedford Book of Hours,[10] these arms are shown supported by an eagle collared with a crown and a sable yale all on a gold field sewn with gold "wood stocks" (cut tree stumps with roots), a heraldic badge of King Edward III, referring to Woodstock Palace. The title of duke, derived from the latin dux, is the highest in the peerage and until 1448 was restricted to members of the royal family. Bedford defeated the French several times, until the arrival of Joan of Arc rallied the opposition. The Hours were supposedly produced as a courtship present from John to his wife, Anne, daughter of John the Fearless of Burgundy. In the last years of Bedford's life, the conflict devolved into a war of attrition, and he became increasingly unable to gather the necessary funds to prosecute the conflict. [S15] Les Valois (1990), Van Kerrebrouck, Patrick, (Villeneuve d'Ascq [France]: P. Van Kerrebrouck, 1990), FHL book 929.244 V247k., p. 367. [S23] #849 Burke's Guide to the Royal Family (1973), (London: Burke's Peerage, c1973), FHl book 942 D22bgr., p. 202. He was brought up in highly eloquent fashion like his other brothers and was well educated. [S25] #798 The Wallop Family and Their Ancestry, Watney, Vernon James, (4 volumes. Alternatively, though equally incorrect, the arms may be her mother's used in a flattering conceit. In 1431, Bedford had Joan tried and executed at Rouen, then arranged a coronation for the young Henry VI at Paris. 17294), both made in Paris, and the Bedford Psalter and Hours of about 142023, which is English (British Library Add MS 42131). Commons is a freely licensed media file repository. 1 p. 244 table 2 pt. pp. Bolingbroke was crowned King of England, as Henry IV, on 13 October 1399. Please enable JavaScript in your browser's settings to use this part of Geni. Size of this PNG preview of this SVG file: 410 478 pixels. It is possible that the yale was painted in silver which has tarnished black. John's eldest sibling was Henry of Monmouth, later King of England as Henry V. John's other siblings were Thomas of Lancaster, Duke of Clarence; Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester; Philippa; and Blanche. John's second wife, Jacquetta of Luxembourg, cousin to the Emperor (the King of Hungary), was mother to Elizabeth Woodville who may be this queen. No known copyright issues. 2 p. 83, vol. Reprint, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1993), FHL book 920.042 D561n., vol. The shield is surrounded with a pair of banners gules which reverse in argent with the motto repeated four times: A vous entier (To you / yours entire[ly]). 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